Name ___________________________________________

Populism and the Grange:

Grange (a.k.a.____________________________ ) was founded by ____________________ in _______ . It was founded for _____________ & _____________ activities, NOT for _______________ reasons. Often, Grangers would "officially" close the meeting, but hang around to talk about ________________ . In Illinois and other places, they influenced state legislatures to pass _____________ _______ to regulate "unfair" railroad rates. The Supreme Court declared these laws _______________ (can you explain why?), so Congress helped the Grangers by passing the _________________ ______________ ______ in 1887, which did basically the same thin on a national level.

Grangers also wanted not only to keep ________________ in circulation, but increase the number of them. (These "dollars" came from the ____________ _____ . ) They were hoping to cause _______________ . Why? ______________________________________________________________________________________ Why would this idea not have worked? __________________________________________________________

Later, when silver mines were found (remember the _______________ _______ ?), farmers called for the government to return to the bimetallic system; i.e., both ________ and ____________ were used for money. Later, they called for ________________ coinage of silver. Why? ____________________________________________________ . (This is only logical, it would have accomplished the same thing as printing more Greenbacks.)

By the 1880's, farmers joined in truly political groups known as _______________ _____________ ; gaining some victories, they joined forces with the old __________________ ____________ party and other labor groups to form the __________________ Party. The party platform (a platform is ____________________________________ ) called for free silver and for printing more money (above) as well as:

• initiative (define: _____________________________________________________________ )
• referendum (define: ___________________________________________________________ )
• secret ballot (define: __________________________________________________________ )
• ____________________________________________
• ____________________________________________
• ____________________________________________
• ____________________________________________
• ____________________________________________

In general, Populists looked to _______________________ to solve their problems. They called for government to be closer to the people (i.e., people should have a more direct say), but also ___________________ the size of government. They also moved away from our traditional ___________________________ economic system

In 1896, the Democratic candidate __________________________________ also called for unlimited coinage of silver. His most famous oration was the "__________ ___ ______" speech, in which he said, "You shall not ___________________________________________________________!" He _____ the election to McKinley; but since the Dems had taken up so many Populist ideas, there was no longer a need for the Populist party.

Civil Service Reform:

President ________________________ , who won the very weird election of 1876 (sounds like the election of ______ !!!), advocated civil service reform. Prior to this time, most Presidents gave their friends and party workers nice jobs in government. This is known as the _____________ _______________ , and it goes back to President _______________________ and earlier. But it took the assassination of President __________________ -- after only ______ months in office – to generate enough support o pass the _______________________ ____________ _________ in 1883. Garfield was shot by ___________________________ , who had hoped to get a government job if Gen. Hancock were to be elected. Nowadays, government jobs are given on the basis of a person's ________ .

Alaska:

Alaska was purchased by ___________________________ , the U.S. Secretary of _______ , in _______ . It was mockingly called __________________________________ or ______________________________________ - until the discovery of _______ in the ____________ region in _____. This led to the Alaskan (or Klondike) Gold Rush that same year. Other resources found there are ____________ , _____________ , ____________ , _____________ , ____________ , and ____________ .

Becoming a world player:

President Monroe issued the ______________ _____________ in 1823, declaring that the Americas were not to be considered _______________________________________________________ by any __________________ power. This largely was considered an audacious statement, but since ___________________ usually took our side, we were able to stand by it. However, during the __________________ _________________ ____________ , we stood against British claims in the New World, threatening to put teeth in the Monroe Doctrine against England--!!! This marks a new era, for the United States now saw itself as strong enough to hold its own against any other country; also, since the issue was settled by arbitration (define: ___________________________________ __________________________________), it also helped to make the US and England firm allies.

Because of the U.S. Gaining many overseas possessions, this time is known as the ___________________ Era in American history. Not everyone agrees on this (of course!) but we did gain control over many scattered areas, such as the _______________ Islands (known as ___________ ___________ ), the _________________ Islands (which became our ___^th state in _____ ), as well as _______ and ___________ _______ (as a result of the Spanish-American War ). Also as result of the war, the _________________ Islands were put under U.S. control until their promised independence (which was granted only after ______ ).

• Spanish-American War

Cuba: a ________________ colony, rebelled in ______ . The Cubans' tactic was __________________ warfare, like the ________________ colonies over a hundred years earlier.

• Spain issues "______________ _________," putting farmers and families in concentration camps where thousands _________ from _____________ and _________________. Missionaries were also mistreated, and since many American firms had invested in ___________________________________, most Americans sided with the Cubans.

• Many American newspapers, largely siding with the Cubans, employed ____________________________, a reporting style designed to arouse the readers' emotions. The most notable paper was the _____________ __________________, published by the famous ____________________________________________ .

• The _______________________________________ was intercepted by a Cuban revolutionary and released to the Journal; Americans were incensed at the insulting remarks about McKinley by its author, a Spanish ambassador to the U.S.

• The ________________________ blew up in the harbor of ______________ in Cuba. No one knows why, but guess who got blamed: _______________ . Yup.

• McKinley asked Congress for permission to use military force—and received it; the _________________ _______________ disavowed any intention of control of Cuba; in other words, it stated that the U.S. ____________________________________________________________________________________

• First battle: sink the _________________________________ in _________________________

• Harbor of _________________________ blockaded, preparations to invade the city

• ______________________________________ resigned his post as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to lead the ____________________________, famous for their charge up _____________________ (sans horses), overlooking the city.

• __________________________ invaded, to the cheers of its citizens.

• Terms of the Treaty of Paris:
  • ___________________________ independence
  • ___________________________ ceded to U.S.
  • ___________________________ ceded to U.S.
  • ___________________________ ceded to U.S. For $________________

Cuban independence in _______________ , U.S. Retains right to ________________________ should trouble arise; also kept _________________________ as a military base (to this day). Guam is now a ____________________ ; Puerto Rico is now a ______________________.